rizin/libr/bin/p/bin_xnu_kernelcache.c

/* radare2 - LGPL - Copyright 2019 - mrmacete */

#include <r_types.h>
#include <r_util.h>
#include <r_lib.h>
#include <r_bin.h>
#include <r_core.h>
#include <r_syscall.h>

#define R_BIN_MACH064 1
#include "../format/mach0/mach0.h"

#include "../format/xnu/r_cf_dict.h"
#include "../format/xnu/mig_index.h"
#include "../format/mach0/mach064_is_kernelcache.c"

typedef bool (*ROnRebaseFunc) (ut64 offset, ut64 decorated_addr, void *user_data);

typedef struct _RKernelCacheObj {
	RBuffer *cache_buf;
	RCFValueDict *prelink_info;
	ut64 pa2va_exec;
	ut64 pa2va_data;
	struct _RKextIndex *kexts;
	struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0;
	struct _RRebaseInfo *rebase_info;
	int (*original_io_read)(RIO *io, RIODesc *fd, ut8 *buf, int count);
	bool rebase_info_populated;
	bool rebasing_buffer;
	bool kexts_initialized;
} RKernelCacheObj;

typedef struct _RFileRange {
	ut64 offset;
	ut64 size;
} RFileRange;

typedef struct _RPrelinkRange {
	RFileRange range;
	ut64 pa2va_exec;
	ut64 pa2va_data;
} RPrelinkRange;

typedef struct _RStubsInfo {
	RFileRange got;
	RFileRange stubs;
	ut64 got_addr;
} RStubsInfo;

typedef struct _RKext {
	RFileRange range;
	RFileRange text_range;
	char *name;
	ut64 mod_info;
	ut64 vaddr;
	struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0;
	bool own_name;
	ut64 pa2va_exec;
	ut64 pa2va_data;
} RKext;

typedef struct _RKextIndex {
	ut64 length;
	RKext **entries;
} RKextIndex;

typedef struct _RRebaseInfo {
	RFileRange *ranges;
	ut64 n_ranges;
	ut64 multiplier;
	ut64 kernel_base;
} RRebaseInfo;

typedef struct _RRebaseCtx {
	ut64 off, eob;
	ut8 *buf;
	int count;
	RKernelCacheObj *obj;
} RRebaseCtx;

typedef struct _RParsedPointer {
	ut64 address;
} RParsedPointer;

typedef struct _RKmodInfo {
	char name[0x41];
	ut64 start;
} RKmodInfo;

#define KEXT_SHORT_NAME_FROM_SECTION(io_section) ({\
	char *result = NULL;\
	char *clone = strdup (io_section->name);\
	char *cursor = strstr (clone, "__");\
	if (cursor) {\
		cursor--;\
		*cursor = 0;\
		cursor--;\
		cursor = strrchr (cursor, '.');\
		if (cursor) {\
			*cursor = 0;\
			cursor = strrchr (cursor, '.');\
			if (cursor) {\
				result = strdup (cursor + 1);\
				R_FREE (clone);\
			}\
		}\
	}\
	result ? result : clone;\
})

#define KEXT_INFER_VSIZE(index, i)\
	((i+1 < index->length) ? index->entries[i+1]->vaddr - index->entries[i]->vaddr : UT64_MAX)

#define KEXT_INFER_PSIZE(index, i)\
	((i+1 < index->length) ? index->entries[i+1]->range.offset - index->entries[i]->range.offset : UT64_MAX)

#define R_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_ENTRY 0
#define R_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_SYMBOL 1

#define K_PPTR(p) p_ptr (p, obj)
#define K_RPTR(buf) r_ptr (buf, obj)

static ut64 p_ptr (ut64 decorated_addr, RKernelCacheObj *obj);
static ut64 r_ptr (ut8 *buf, RKernelCacheObj *obj);

static RRebaseInfo *r_rebase_info_new_from_mach0(RBuffer *cache_buf, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0);
static void r_rebase_info_free(RRebaseInfo *info);
static void r_rebase_info_populate(RRebaseInfo *info, RKernelCacheObj *obj);
static ut64 iterate_rebase_list(RBuffer *cache_buf, ut64 multiplier, ut64 start_offset, ROnRebaseFunc func, void *user_data);
static ut64 r_rebase_offset_to_paddr (RKernelCacheObj *obj, struct section_t *sections, ut64 offset);
static void swizzle_io_read(RKernelCacheObj *obj, RIO *io);
static int kernelcache_io_read(RIO *io, RIODesc *fd, ut8 *buf, int count);
static bool r_parse_pointer(RParsedPointer *ptr, ut64 decorated_addr, RKernelCacheObj *obj);
static bool on_rebase_pointer (ut64 offset, ut64 decorated_addr, RRebaseCtx *ctx);
static void rebase_buffer(RKernelCacheObj *obj, ut64 off, RIODesc *fd, ut8 *buf, int count);

static RPrelinkRange *get_prelink_info_range_from_mach0(struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0);
static RList *filter_kexts(RKernelCacheObj *obj);
static RList *carve_kexts(RKernelCacheObj *obj);

static void sections_from_mach0(RList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, RBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, char *prefix, RKernelCacheObj *obj);
static void handle_data_sections(RBinSection *sect);
static void symbols_from_mach0(RList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, RBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, int ordinal);
static RList *resolve_syscalls(RKernelCacheObj *obj, ut64 enosys_addr);
static RList *resolve_mig_subsystem(RKernelCacheObj *obj);
static void symbols_from_stubs(RList *ret, HtPP *kernel_syms_by_addr, RKernelCacheObj *obj, RBinFile *bf, RKext *kext, int ordinal);
static RStubsInfo *get_stubs_info(struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, ut64 paddr, RKernelCacheObj *obj);
static int prot2perm (int x);

static void r_kext_free(RKext *kext);
static void r_kext_fill_text_range(RKext *kext);
static int kexts_sort_vaddr_func(const void *a, const void *b);
static struct MACH0_(obj_t) *create_kext_mach0(RKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext);

#define r_kext_index_foreach(index, i, item)\
	if (index)\
		for (i = 0; i < index->length && (item = index->entries[i], 1); i++)

static RKextIndex *r_kext_index_new(RList *kexts);
static void r_kext_index_free(RKextIndex *index);
static RKext *r_kext_index_vget(RKextIndex *index, ut64 vaddr);

static void process_kmod_init_term(RKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext, RList *ret, ut64 **inits, ut64 **terms);
static void create_initterm_syms(RKext *kext, RList *ret, int type, ut64 *pointers);
static void process_constructors(RKernelCacheObj *obj, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, RList *ret, ut64 paddr, bool is_first, int mode, const char *prefix);
static RBinAddr *newEntry(ut64 haddr, ut64 vaddr, int type);
static void ensure_kexts_initialized(RKernelCacheObj *obj);

static void r_kernel_cache_free(RKernelCacheObj *obj);

static RList * pending_bin_files = NULL;

static bool load_buffer(RBinFile *bf, void **bin_obj, RBuffer *buf, ut64 loadaddr, Sdb *sdb) {
	RBuffer *fbuf = r_buf_ref (buf);
	struct MACH0_(opts_t) opts;
	MACH0_(opts_set_default) (&opts, bf);
	struct MACH0_(obj_t) *main_mach0 = MACH0_(new_buf) (fbuf, &opts);
	if (!main_mach0) {
		return false;
	}

	RRebaseInfo *rebase_info = r_rebase_info_new_from_mach0 (fbuf, main_mach0);

	RPrelinkRange *prelink_range = get_prelink_info_range_from_mach0 (main_mach0);
	if (!prelink_range) {
		goto beach;
	}

	RKernelCacheObj *obj = R_NEW0 (RKernelCacheObj);
	if (!obj) {
		R_FREE (prelink_range);
		goto beach;
	}

	RCFValueDict *prelink_info = r_cf_value_dict_parse (fbuf, prelink_range->range.offset,
		prelink_range->range.size, R_CF_OPTION_SKIP_NSDATA);
	if (!prelink_info) {
		R_FREE (prelink_range);
		R_FREE (obj);
		goto beach;
	}

	if (!pending_bin_files) {
		pending_bin_files = r_list_new ();
		if (!pending_bin_files) {
			R_FREE (prelink_range);
			R_FREE (obj);
			R_FREE (prelink_info);
			goto beach;
		}
	}

	obj->mach0 = main_mach0;
	obj->rebase_info = rebase_info;
	obj->prelink_info = prelink_info;
	obj->cache_buf = fbuf;
	obj->pa2va_exec = prelink_range->pa2va_exec;
	obj->pa2va_data = prelink_range->pa2va_data;

	*bin_obj = obj;

	r_list_push (pending_bin_files, bf);

	if (rebase_info) {
		RIO *io = bf->rbin->iob.io;
		swizzle_io_read (obj, io);
	}

	return true;

beach:
	r_buf_free (fbuf);
	MACH0_(mach0_free) (main_mach0);
	return false;
}

static void ensure_kexts_initialized(RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	if (obj->kexts_initialized) {
		return;
	}
	obj->kexts_initialized = true;

	RList *kexts = filter_kexts (obj);

	if (kexts && !r_list_length (kexts)) {
		r_list_free (kexts);
		kexts = NULL;
	}

	if (!kexts) {
		kexts = carve_kexts (obj);
	}

	obj->kexts = r_kext_index_new (kexts);
}

static RPrelinkRange *get_prelink_info_range_from_mach0(struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (mach0))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RPrelinkRange *prelink_range = R_NEW0 (RPrelinkRange);
	if (!prelink_range) {
		R_FREE (sections);
		return NULL;
	}

	int incomplete = 3;
	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_INFO.__info")) {
			prelink_range->range.offset = sections[i].offset;
			prelink_range->range.size = sections[i].size;
			if (!--incomplete) {
				break;
			}
		}

		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_TEXT.__text")) {
			prelink_range->pa2va_exec = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
			if (!--incomplete) {
				break;
			}
		}

		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_DATA.__data")) {
			prelink_range->pa2va_data = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
			if (!--incomplete) {
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	R_FREE (sections);

	if (incomplete) {
		R_FREE (prelink_range);
	}

	return prelink_range;
}

static RList *filter_kexts(RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	RCFValueArray *kext_array = NULL;
	RListIter *iter;
	RCFKeyValue *item;
	r_list_foreach (obj->prelink_info->pairs, iter, item) {
		if (!strcmp (item->key, "_PrelinkInfoDictionary")) {
			kext_array = (RCFValueArray*) item->value;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!kext_array) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RList *kexts = r_list_newf ((RListFree) &r_kext_free);
	if (!kexts) {
		return NULL;
	}

	bool is_sorted = true;
	RKext *prev_kext = NULL;
	RCFValueDict *kext_item;
	r_list_foreach (kext_array->values, iter, kext_item) {
		RKext *kext = R_NEW0 (RKext);
		if (!kext) {
			R_FREE (kexts);
			return NULL;
		}

		int kext_incomplete = 5;
		RListIter *internal_iter;
		r_list_foreach (kext_item->pairs, internal_iter, item) {
			if (!strcmp (item->key, "CFBundlePackageType")) {
				if (item->value->type != R_CF_STRING) {
					break;
				}
				RCFValueString *type = (RCFValueString*) item->value;
				if (strcmp (type->value, "KEXT")) {
					break;
				}
				kext_incomplete--;
			}

			if (!strcmp (item->key, "_PrelinkExecutableLoadAddr")) {
				if (item->value->type == R_CF_INTEGER) {
					kext_incomplete--;
					kext->vaddr = ((RCFValueInteger*) item->value)->value;
					kext->range.offset = kext->vaddr - obj->pa2va_exec;
				}
			}

			if (!strcmp (item->key, "_PrelinkExecutableSize")) {
				kext_incomplete--;
				if (item->value->type == R_CF_INTEGER) {
					kext->range.size = ((RCFValueInteger*) item->value)->value;
				} else {
					kext->range.size = 0;
				}
			}

			if (!strcmp (item->key, "_PrelinkKmodInfo")) {
				if (item->value->type == R_CF_INTEGER) {
					kext_incomplete--;
					kext->mod_info = ((RCFValueInteger*) item->value)->value;
					kext->mod_info -= obj->pa2va_data;
				}
			}

			if (!strcmp (item->key, "CFBundleIdentifier")) {
				if (item->value->type == R_CF_STRING) {
					kext_incomplete--;
					kext->name = ((RCFValueString*) item->value)->value;
				}
			}
		}

		if (kext_incomplete) {
			r_kext_free (kext);
			continue;
		}

		if (prev_kext && kext->vaddr < prev_kext->vaddr) {
			is_sorted = false;
		}
		prev_kext = kext;

		kext->mach0 = create_kext_mach0 (obj, kext);
		if (!kext->mach0) {
			r_kext_free (kext);
			continue;
		}

		r_kext_fill_text_range (kext);

		r_list_push (kexts, kext);
	}

	if (!is_sorted) {
		eprintf ("SORTING KEXTs...\n");
		r_list_sort (kexts, kexts_sort_vaddr_func);
	}
	return kexts;
}

static ut64 p_ptr (ut64 decorated_addr, RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	RParsedPointer ptr;
	r_parse_pointer (&ptr, decorated_addr, obj);
	return ptr.address;
}

static ut64 r_ptr (ut8 *buf, RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	ut64 decorated_addr = r_read_le64 (buf);
	return K_PPTR (decorated_addr);
}

static RList *carve_kexts(RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (obj->mach0))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	ut64 pa2va_exec = 0;
	ut64 pa2va_data = 0;
	ut64 kmod_start = 0, kmod_end = 0;
	ut64 kmod_info = 0, kmod_info_end = 0;
	int incomplete = 4;
	RKmodInfo *all_infos = NULL;

	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last && incomplete > 0; i++) {
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
			pa2va_exec = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
			incomplete--;
		}
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__DATA.__data")) {
			pa2va_data = sections[i].addr - sections[i].offset;
			incomplete--;
		}
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_INFO.__kmod_start")) {
			kmod_start = sections[i].offset;
			kmod_end = kmod_start + sections[i].size;
			incomplete--;
		}
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__PRELINK_INFO.__kmod_info")) {
			kmod_info = sections[i].offset;
			kmod_info_end = kmod_info + sections[i].size;
			incomplete--;
		}
	}

	R_FREE (sections);

	if (incomplete) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RList *kexts = r_list_newf ((RListFree) &r_kext_free);
	if (!kexts) {
		return NULL;
	}

	int n_kmod_info = (kmod_info_end - kmod_info) / 8;
	if (n_kmod_info == 0) {
		goto beach;
	}

	all_infos = R_NEWS0 (RKmodInfo, n_kmod_info);
	if (!all_infos) {
		goto beach;
	}

	ut8 bytes[8];
	int j = 0;
	for (; j < n_kmod_info; j++) {
		ut64 entry_offset = j * 8 + kmod_info;

		if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, entry_offset, bytes, 8) < 8) {
			goto beach;
		}

		ut64 kmod_info_paddr = K_RPTR (bytes) - pa2va_data;

		ut64 field_name = kmod_info_paddr + 0x10;
		ut64 field_start = kmod_info_paddr + 0xb4;

		if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, field_start, bytes, 8) < 8) {
			goto beach;
		}

		all_infos[j].start = K_RPTR (bytes);

		if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, field_name, (ut8 *) all_infos[j].name, 0x40) < 0x40) {
			goto beach;
		}

		all_infos[j].name[0x40] = 0;
	}

	ut64 cursor = kmod_start;
	for(; cursor < kmod_end; cursor += 8) {
		ut8 bytes[8];
		if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, cursor, bytes, 8) < 8) {
			goto beach;
		}

		RKext *kext = R_NEW0 (RKext);
		if (!kext) {
			goto beach;
		}

		kext->vaddr = K_RPTR (bytes);
		kext->range.offset = kext->vaddr - pa2va_exec;

		kext->mach0 = create_kext_mach0 (obj, kext);
		if (!kext->mach0) {
			r_kext_free (kext);
			continue;
		}

		r_kext_fill_text_range (kext);
		kext->vaddr = K_PPTR (kext->vaddr);
		kext->pa2va_exec = pa2va_exec;
		kext->pa2va_data = pa2va_data;

		ut64 text_start = kext->vaddr;
		ut64 text_end = text_start + kext->text_range.size;

		if (text_start == text_end) {
			r_kext_free (kext);
			continue;
		}

		for (j = 0; j < n_kmod_info; j++) {
			if (text_start > all_infos[j].start || all_infos[j].start >= text_end) {
				continue;
			}

			kext->name = strdup (all_infos[j].name);
			kext->own_name = true;
			break;
		}

		if (!kext->name) {
			r_kext_free (kext);
			continue;
		}

		r_list_push (kexts, kext);
	}

	R_FREE (all_infos);
	return kexts;

beach:
	r_list_free (kexts);
	R_FREE (all_infos);
	return NULL;
}

static void r_kext_free(RKext *kext) {
	if (!kext) {
		return;
	}

	if (kext->mach0) {
		MACH0_(mach0_free) (kext->mach0);
		kext->mach0 = NULL;
	}

	if (kext->own_name && kext->name) {
		R_FREE (kext->name);
		kext->name = NULL;
	}

	R_FREE (kext);
}

static void r_kext_fill_text_range(RKext *kext) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (kext->mach0))) {
		return;
	}

	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
			kext->text_range.offset = sections[i].offset;
			kext->text_range.size = sections[i].size;
			kext->vaddr = sections[i].addr;
			break;
		}
	}

	R_FREE (sections);
}

static int kexts_sort_vaddr_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
	RKext *A = (RKext *) a;
	RKext *B = (RKext *) b;
	int vaddr_compare = A->vaddr - B->vaddr;
	if (vaddr_compare == 0) {
		return A->text_range.size - B->text_range.size;
	}
	return vaddr_compare;
}

static RKextIndex *r_kext_index_new(RList *kexts) {
	if (!kexts) {
		return NULL;
	}

	int length = r_list_length (kexts);
	if (!length) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RKextIndex *index = R_NEW0 (RKextIndex);
	if (!index) {
		return NULL;
	}

	index->entries = malloc (length *sizeof(RKext*));
	if (!index->entries) {
		R_FREE (index);
		return NULL;
	}

	RListIter *iter;
	RKext *kext;
	int i = 0;
	r_list_foreach (kexts, iter, kext) {
		index->entries[i++] = kext;
	}
	index->length = i;

	return index;
}

static void r_kext_index_free(RKextIndex *index) {
	if (!index) {
		return;
	}

	int i = 0;
	RKext *kext;
	r_kext_index_foreach (index, i, kext) {
		r_kext_free (kext);
		index->entries[i] = NULL;
	}

	index->length = 0;
	R_FREE (index);
}

static RKext *r_kext_index_vget(RKextIndex *index, ut64 vaddr) {
	int imid;
	int imin = 0;
	int imax = index->length - 1;

	while (imin < imax) {
		imid = (imin + imax) / 2;
		RKext *entry = index->entries[imid];
		if ((entry->vaddr + entry->text_range.size) <= vaddr || (entry->vaddr == vaddr && entry->text_range.size == 0)) {
			imin = imid + 1;
		} else {
			imax = imid;
		}
	}

	RKext *minEntry = index->entries[imin];
	if ((imax == imin) && (minEntry->vaddr <= vaddr) && ((minEntry->vaddr + minEntry->text_range.size) > vaddr)) {
		return minEntry;
	}
	return NULL;
}

static struct MACH0_(obj_t) *create_kext_mach0(RKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext) {
	RBuffer *buf = r_buf_new_slice (obj->cache_buf, kext->range.offset, r_buf_size (obj->cache_buf) - kext->range.offset);
	struct MACH0_(opts_t) opts;
	opts.verbose = true;
	opts.header_at = 0;
	struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0 = MACH0_(new_buf) (buf, &opts);
	r_buf_free (buf);
	if (!mach0) {
		return NULL;
	}

	return mach0;
}

static RList *entries(RBinFile *bf) {
	RList *ret;
	RBinObject *obj = bf ? bf->o : NULL;

	if (!obj || !obj->bin_obj || !(ret = r_list_newf (free))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RKernelCacheObj *kobj = (RKernelCacheObj*) obj->bin_obj;
	ut64 entry_vaddr = kobj->mach0->entry;
	if (kobj->pa2va_exec <= entry_vaddr) {
		ut64 entry_paddr = entry_vaddr - kobj->pa2va_exec;
		RBinAddr *ba = newEntry (entry_paddr, entry_vaddr, 0);
		if (ba) {
			r_list_append (ret, ba);
		}
	}

	process_constructors (kobj, kobj->mach0, ret, 0, true, R_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_ENTRY, NULL);

	return ret;
}

static void process_kmod_init_term(RKernelCacheObj *obj, RKext *kext, RList *ret, ut64 **inits, ut64 **terms) {
	if (!*inits || !*terms) {
		struct section_t *sections = NULL;
		if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (obj->mach0))) {
			return;
		}

		int i = 0;
		for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
			if (sections[i].size == 0) {
				continue;
			}

			ut64 start_paddr = 0;
			ut64 *target = NULL;
			int n_ptrs = 0;

			if (!*inits && strstr (sections[i].name, "__kmod_init")) {
				int n_inits = sections[i].size / 8;
				if (n_inits <= 0) {
					continue;
				}
				*inits = R_NEWS0 (ut64, n_inits + 1);
				target = *inits;
				n_ptrs = n_inits;
			}
			if (!*terms && strstr (sections[i].name, "__kmod_term")) {
				int n_terms = sections[i].size / 8;
				if (n_terms <= 0) {
					continue;
				}
				*terms = R_NEWS0 (ut64, n_terms + 1);
				target = *terms;
				n_ptrs = n_terms;
			}
			if (!target || !n_ptrs) {
				continue;
			}
			start_paddr = sections[i].offset;
			int j = 0;
			ut8 bytes[8];
			for (; j < n_ptrs; j++) {
				if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, start_paddr + j * 8, bytes, 8) < 8) {
					break;
				}
				target[j] = K_RPTR (bytes);
			}
			target[j] = 0;
		}

		R_FREE (sections);
	}

	if (*inits) {
		create_initterm_syms (kext, ret, R_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT, *inits);
	}
	if (*terms) {
		create_initterm_syms (kext, ret, R_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_FINI, *terms);
	}
}

/*
 * com.apple.driver.AppleMesaSEPDriver.3.__TEXT_EXEC.__text
 *                       |
 *                       |
 * AppleMesaSEPDriver <--+
 */
static const char *kext_short_name(RKext *kext) {
	const char *sn = strrchr (kext->name, '.');
	return sn ? sn + 1 : kext->name;
}

static void create_initterm_syms(RKext *kext, RList *ret, int type, ut64 *pointers) {
	int i = 0;
	int count = 0;
	for (; pointers[i]; i++) {
		ut64 func_vaddr = pointers[i];
		ut64 text_start = kext->vaddr;
		ut64 text_end = text_start + kext->text_range.size;

		if (text_start == text_end) {
			continue;
		}

		if (text_start > func_vaddr || func_vaddr >= text_end) {
			continue;
		}

		RBinSymbol *sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
		if (!sym) {
			break;
		}

		sym->name = r_str_newf ("%s.%s.%d", kext_short_name (kext), (type == R_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT) ? "init" : "fini", count++);
		sym->vaddr = func_vaddr;
		sym->paddr = func_vaddr - kext->pa2va_exec;
		sym->size = 0;
		sym->forwarder = "NONE";
		sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
		sym->type = "FUNC";

		r_list_append (ret, sym);
	}
}

static void process_constructors(RKernelCacheObj *obj, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, RList *ret, ut64 paddr, bool is_first, int mode, const char *prefix) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (mach0))) {
		return;
	}
	int i, type;
	for (i = 0; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		if (sections[i].size == 0) {
			continue;
		}

		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "_mod_fini_func") || strstr (sections[i].name, "_mod_term_func")) {
			type  = R_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_FINI;
		} else if (strstr (sections[i].name, "_mod_init_func")) {
			type  = is_first ? 0 : R_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT;
			is_first = false;
		} else {
			continue;
		}

		ut8 *buf = calloc (sections[i].size, 1);
		if (!buf) {
			break;
		}
		if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, sections[i].offset + paddr, buf, sections[i].size) < sections[i].size) {
			free (buf);
			break;
		}
		int j;
		int count = 0;
		for (j = 0; j < sections[i].size; j += 8) {
			ut64 addr64 = K_RPTR (buf + j);
			ut64 paddr64 = sections[i].offset + paddr + j;
			if (mode == R_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_ENTRY) {
				RBinAddr *ba = newEntry (paddr64, addr64, type);
				r_list_append (ret, ba);
			} else if (mode == R_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_SYMBOL) {
				RBinSymbol *sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
				if (!sym) {
					break;
				}

				sym->name = r_str_newf ("%s.%s.%d", prefix, (type == R_BIN_ENTRY_TYPE_INIT) ? "init" : "fini", count++);
				sym->vaddr = addr64;
				sym->paddr = paddr64;
				sym->size = 0;
				sym->forwarder = "NONE";
				sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
				sym->type = "FUNC";

				r_list_append (ret, sym);
			}
		}
		free (buf);
	}
	free (sections);
}

static RBinAddr *newEntry(ut64 haddr, ut64 vaddr, int type) {
	RBinAddr *ptr = R_NEW0 (RBinAddr);
	if (!ptr) {
		return NULL;
	}
	ptr->paddr = haddr;
	ptr->vaddr = vaddr;
	ptr->hpaddr = haddr;
	ptr->bits = 64;
	ptr->type = type;
	return ptr;
}

static bool check_buffer(RBuffer *b) {
	if (r_buf_size (b) > 4) {
		ut8 buf[4];
		r_buf_read_at (b, 0, buf, sizeof (buf));
		if (!memcmp (buf, "\xcf\xfa\xed\xfe", 4)) {
			return is_kernelcache_buffer (b);
		}
	}
	return false;
}

static RList *sections(RBinFile *bf) {
	RList *ret = NULL;
	RBinObject *obj = bf ? bf->o : NULL;

	if (!obj || !obj->bin_obj || !(ret = r_list_newf ((RListFree)free))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RKernelCacheObj *kobj = (RKernelCacheObj*) obj->bin_obj;
	ensure_kexts_initialized (kobj);

	int iter;
	RKext *kext;
	r_kext_index_foreach (kobj->kexts, iter, kext) {
		ut8 magicbytes[4];

		r_buf_read_at (kobj->cache_buf, kext->range.offset, magicbytes, 4);
		int magic = r_read_le32 (magicbytes);
		switch (magic) {
		case MH_MAGIC_64:
			sections_from_mach0 (ret, kext->mach0, bf, kext->range.offset, kext->name, kobj);
			break;
		default:
			eprintf ("Unknown sub-bin\n");
			break;
		}
	}

	sections_from_mach0 (ret, kobj->mach0, bf, 0, NULL, kobj);

	struct MACH0_(segment_command) *seg;
	int nsegs = R_MIN (kobj->mach0->nsegs, 128);
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < nsegs; i++) {
		RBinSection *ptr;
		char segname[17];

		if (!(ptr = R_NEW0 (RBinSection))) {
			break;
		}

		seg = &kobj->mach0->segs[i];
		r_str_ncpy (segname, seg->segname, 17);
		r_str_filter (segname, -1);
		ptr->name = r_str_newf ("%d.%s", i, segname);
		ptr->size = seg->vmsize;
		ptr->vsize = seg->vmsize;
		ptr->paddr = seg->fileoff + bf->o->boffset;
		ptr->vaddr = seg->vmaddr;
		ptr->add = true;
		ptr->is_segment = true;
		if (!ptr->vaddr) {
			ptr->vaddr = ptr->paddr;
		}
		ptr->perm = prot2perm (seg->initprot);
		r_list_append (ret, ptr);
	}

	return ret;
}

static int prot2perm (int x) {
	int r = 0;
	if (x&1) r |= 4;
	if (x&2) r |= 2;
	if (x&4) r |= 1;
	return r;
}

static void sections_from_mach0(RList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, RBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, char *prefix, RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (mach0))) {
		return;
	}
	int i;
	for (i = 0; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		RBinSection *ptr;
		if (!(ptr = R_NEW0 (RBinSection))) {
			break;
		}
		if (prefix) {
			ptr->name = r_str_newf ("%s.%s", prefix, (char*)sections[i].name);
		} else {
			ptr->name = r_str_newf ("%s", (char*)sections[i].name);
		}
		if (strstr (ptr->name, "la_symbol_ptr")) {
			int len = sections[i].size / 8;
			ptr->format = r_str_newf ("Cd %d[%d]", 8, len);
		}
		handle_data_sections (ptr);
		ptr->size = sections[i].size;
		ptr->vsize = sections[i].vsize;
		ptr->paddr = sections[i].offset + bf->o->boffset + paddr;
		ptr->vaddr = K_PPTR (sections[i].addr);
		if (!ptr->vaddr) {
			ptr->vaddr = ptr->paddr;
		}
		ptr->perm = sections[i].perm;
		if (!ptr->perm && strstr (sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
			ptr->perm = 1 | 4;
		}
		r_list_append (ret, ptr);
	}
	free (sections);
}

static void handle_data_sections(RBinSection *sect) {
	if (strstr (sect->name, "_cstring")) {
		sect->is_data = true;
	} else if (strstr (sect->name, "_os_log")) {
		sect->is_data = true;
	} else if (strstr (sect->name, "_objc_methname")) {
		sect->is_data = true;
	} else if (strstr (sect->name, "_objc_classname")) {
		sect->is_data = true;
	} else if (strstr (sect->name, "_objc_methtype")) {
		sect->is_data = true;
	}
}

static RList *symbols(RBinFile *bf) {
	RList *ret = r_list_newf (free);
	if (!ret) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RKernelCacheObj *obj = (RKernelCacheObj*) bf->o->bin_obj;

	symbols_from_mach0 (ret, obj->mach0, bf, 0, 0);

	HtPP *kernel_syms_by_addr = sdb_ht_new ();
	if (!kernel_syms_by_addr) {
		r_list_free (ret);
		return NULL;
	}

	RListIter *iter;
	RBinSymbol *sym;
	ut64 enosys_addr = 0;
	r_list_foreach (ret, iter, sym) {
		const char *key = sdb_fmt ("%"PFMT64x, sym->vaddr);
		sdb_ht_insert (kernel_syms_by_addr, key, sym->dname ? sym->dname : sym->name);
		if (!enosys_addr && strstr (sym->name, "enosys")) {
			enosys_addr = sym->vaddr;
		}
	}

	RList *syscalls = resolve_syscalls (obj, enosys_addr);
	if (syscalls) {
		r_list_foreach (syscalls, iter, sym) {
			const char *key = sdb_fmt ("%"PFMT64x, sym->vaddr);
			sdb_ht_insert (kernel_syms_by_addr, key, sym->name);
			r_list_append (ret, sym);
		}
		syscalls->free = NULL;
		r_list_free (syscalls);
	}

	RList *subsystem = resolve_mig_subsystem (obj);
	if (subsystem) {
		r_list_foreach (subsystem, iter, sym) {
			const char *key = sdb_fmt ("%"PFMT64x, sym->vaddr);
			sdb_ht_insert (kernel_syms_by_addr, key, sym->name);
			r_list_append (ret, sym);
		}
		subsystem->free = NULL;
		r_list_free (subsystem);
	}

	ensure_kexts_initialized (obj);

	RKext *kext;
	int kiter;
	ut64 *inits = NULL;
	ut64 *terms = NULL;
	r_kext_index_foreach (obj->kexts, kiter, kext) {
		ut8 magicbytes[4];
		r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, kext->range.offset, magicbytes, 4);
		int magic = r_read_le32 (magicbytes);
		switch (magic) {
		case MH_MAGIC_64:
			symbols_from_mach0 (ret, kext->mach0, bf, kext->range.offset, r_list_length (ret));
			symbols_from_stubs (ret, kernel_syms_by_addr, obj, bf, kext, r_list_length (ret));
			process_constructors (obj, kext->mach0, ret, kext->range.offset, false, R_K_CONSTRUCTOR_TO_SYMBOL, kext_short_name (kext));
			process_kmod_init_term (obj, kext, ret, &inits, &terms);

			break;
		default:
			eprintf ("Unknown sub-bin\n");
			break;
		}
	}

	R_FREE (inits);
	R_FREE (terms);

	sdb_ht_free (kernel_syms_by_addr);

	return ret;
}

static void symbols_from_mach0(RList *ret, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, RBinFile *bf, ut64 paddr, int ordinal) {
	const struct symbol_t *symbols = MACH0_(get_symbols) (mach0);
	if (!symbols) {
		return;
	}
	int i;
	for (i = 0; !symbols[i].last; i++) {
		if (!symbols[i].name[0] || symbols[i].addr < 100) {
			continue;
		}
		RBinSymbol *sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
		if (!sym) {
			break;
		}
		sym->name = strdup (symbols[i].name);
		sym->vaddr = symbols[i].addr;
		if (sym->name[0] == '_') {
			char *dn = r_bin_demangle (bf, sym->name, sym->name, sym->vaddr, false);
			if (dn) {
				sym->dname = dn;
				char *p = strchr (dn, '.');
				if (p) {
					if (IS_UPPER (sym->name[0])) {
						sym->classname = strdup (sym->name);
						sym->classname[p - sym->name] = 0;
					} else if (IS_UPPER (p[1])) {
						sym->classname = strdup (p + 1);
						p = strchr (sym->classname, '.');
						if (p) {
							*p = 0;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		sym->forwarder = "NONE";
		sym->bind = (symbols[i].type == R_BIN_MACH0_SYMBOL_TYPE_LOCAL)? "LOCAL": "GLOBAL";
		sym->type = "FUNC";
		sym->paddr = symbols[i].offset + bf->o->boffset + paddr;
		sym->size = symbols[i].size;
		sym->ordinal = ordinal + i;
		r_list_append (ret, sym);
	}
}

#define IS_KERNEL_ADDR(x) ((x & 0xfffffff000000000L) == 0xfffffff000000000L)

typedef struct _r_sysent {
	ut64 sy_call;
	ut64 sy_arg_munge32;
	st32 sy_return_type;
	st16 sy_narg;
	ut16 sy_arg_bytes;
} RSysEnt;

static RList *resolve_syscalls(RKernelCacheObj *obj, ut64 enosys_addr) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (obj->mach0))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RList *syscalls = NULL;
	RSyscall *syscall = NULL;
	ut8 *data_const = NULL;
	ut64 data_const_offset = 0, data_const_size = 0, data_const_vaddr = 0;
	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__DATA_CONST.__const")) {
			data_const_offset = sections[i].offset;
			data_const_size = sections[i].size;
			data_const_vaddr = K_PPTR (sections[i].addr);
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!data_const_offset || !data_const_size || !data_const_vaddr) {
		goto beach;
	}

	data_const = malloc (data_const_size);
	if (!data_const) {
		goto beach;
	}
	if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, data_const_offset, data_const, data_const_size) < data_const_size) {
		goto beach;
	}

	ut8 *cursor = data_const;
	ut8 *end = data_const + data_const_size;
	while (cursor < end) {
		ut64 test = r_read_le64 (cursor);
		if (test == enosys_addr) {
			break;
		}
		cursor += 8;
	}

	if (cursor >= end) {
		goto beach;
	}

	cursor -= 24;
	while (cursor >= data_const) {
		ut64 addr = r_read_le64 (cursor);
		ut64 x = r_read_le64 (cursor + 8);
		ut64 y = r_read_le64 (cursor + 16);

		if (IS_KERNEL_ADDR (addr) &&
			(x == 0 || IS_KERNEL_ADDR (x)) &&
			(y != 0 && !IS_KERNEL_ADDR (y))) {
			cursor -= 24;
			continue;
		}

		cursor += 24;
		break;
	}

	if (cursor < data_const) {
		goto beach;
	}

	syscalls = r_list_newf (r_bin_symbol_free);
	if (!syscalls) {
		goto beach;
	}

	syscall = r_syscall_new ();
	if (!syscall) {
		goto beach;
	}
	r_syscall_setup (syscall, "arm", 64, NULL, "ios");
	if (!syscall->db) {
		r_syscall_free (syscall);
		goto beach;
	}

	ut64 sysent_vaddr = cursor - data_const + data_const_vaddr;

	RBinSymbol *sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
	if (!sym) {
		goto beach;
	}

	sym->name = r_str_newf ("sysent");
	sym->vaddr = sysent_vaddr;
	sym->paddr = cursor - data_const + data_const_offset;
	sym->size = 0;
	sym->forwarder = "NONE";
	sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
	sym->type = "OBJECT";
	r_list_append (syscalls, sym);

	i = 1;
	cursor += 24;
	int num_syscalls = sdb_count (syscall->db);
	while (cursor < end && i < num_syscalls) {
		ut64 addr = r_read_le64 (cursor);
		RSyscallItem *item = r_syscall_get (syscall, i, 0x80);
		if (item && item->name) {
			RBinSymbol *sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
			if (!sym) {
				goto beach;
			}

			sym->name = r_str_newf ("syscall.%d.%s", i, item->name);
			sym->vaddr = addr;
			sym->paddr = addr;
			sym->size = 0;
			sym->forwarder = "NONE";
			sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
			sym->type = "FUNC";
			r_list_append (syscalls, sym);

			r_syscall_item_free (item);
		}

		cursor += 24;
		i++;
	}

	r_syscall_free (syscall);
	R_FREE (data_const);
	R_FREE (sections);
	return syscalls;

beach:
	r_syscall_free (syscall);
	if (syscalls) {
		r_list_free (syscalls);
	}
	R_FREE (data_const);
	R_FREE (sections);
	return NULL;
}

#define K_MIG_SUBSYSTEM_SIZE (4 * 8)
#define K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE (5 * 8)
#define K_MIG_MAX_ROUTINES 100

static HtPP *mig_hash_new(void) {
	HtPP *hash = sdb_ht_new ();
	if (!hash) {
		return NULL;
	}

	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < R_MIG_INDEX_LEN; i += 2) {
		const char *num = mig_index[i];
		const char *name = mig_index[i+1];
		sdb_ht_insert (hash, num, name);
	}

	return hash;
}

static RList *resolve_mig_subsystem(RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (obj->mach0))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	HtPP *mig_hash = NULL;
	RList *subsystem = NULL;
	ut8 *data_const = NULL;
	ut64 data_const_offset = 0, data_const_size = 0, data_const_vaddr = 0;
	ut64 text_exec_offset = 0, text_exec_size = 0, text_exec_vaddr = 0;
	int incomplete = 2;
	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last && incomplete > 0; i++) {
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__DATA_CONST.__const")) {
			data_const_offset = sections[i].offset;
			data_const_size = sections[i].size;
			data_const_vaddr = K_PPTR (sections[i].addr);
			incomplete--;
		}
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__text")) {
			text_exec_offset = sections[i].offset;
			text_exec_size = sections[i].size;
			text_exec_vaddr = K_PPTR (sections[i].addr);
			incomplete--;
		}
	}

	if (!data_const_offset || !data_const_size || !data_const_vaddr ||
		!text_exec_offset || !text_exec_size || !text_exec_vaddr) {
		goto beach;
	}

	data_const = malloc (data_const_size);
	if (!data_const) {
		goto beach;
	}
	if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, data_const_offset, data_const, data_const_size) < data_const_size) {
		goto beach;
	}

	subsystem = r_list_newf (r_bin_symbol_free);
	if (!subsystem) {
		goto beach;
	}

	mig_hash = mig_hash_new ();
	if (!mig_hash) {
		goto beach;
	}

	ut8 *cursor = data_const;
	ut8 *end = data_const + data_const_size;
	while (cursor < end) {
		ut64 subs_p = K_PPTR (r_read_le64 (cursor));
		if (subs_p < text_exec_vaddr || subs_p >= text_exec_vaddr + text_exec_size) {
			cursor += 8;
			continue;
		}
		ut32 subs_min_idx = r_read_le32 (cursor + 8);
		ut32 subs_max_idx = r_read_le32 (cursor + 12);
		ut32 n_routines = (subs_max_idx - subs_min_idx);
		if (subs_min_idx >= subs_max_idx || (subs_max_idx - subs_min_idx) > K_MIG_MAX_ROUTINES) {
			cursor += 16;
			continue;
		}

		ut64 *routines = (ut64 *) malloc (n_routines * sizeof (ut64));
		if (!routines) {
			goto beach;
		}
		ut8 *array_cursor = cursor + K_MIG_SUBSYSTEM_SIZE;
		ut8 *end_array = array_cursor + n_routines * K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE;
		bool is_consistent = true;
		int idx = 0;
		while (array_cursor < end_array) {
			ut64 should_be_null = r_read_le64 (array_cursor);
			if (should_be_null != 0) {
				is_consistent = false;
				break;
			}

			ut64 routine_p = K_PPTR (r_read_le64 (array_cursor + 8));
			if (routine_p != 0 && (routine_p < text_exec_vaddr || routine_p >= text_exec_vaddr + text_exec_size)) {
				is_consistent = false;
				break;
			}

			routines[idx++] = routine_p;
			array_cursor += K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE;
		}

		if (is_consistent) {
			for (idx = 0; idx < n_routines; idx++) {
				ut64 routine_p = routines[idx];
				if (!routine_p) {
					continue;
				}

				RBinSymbol *sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
				if (!sym) {
					R_FREE (routines);
					goto beach;
				}

				int num = idx + subs_min_idx;
				bool found = false;
				const char *key = sdb_fmt ("%d", num);
				const char *name = sdb_ht_find (mig_hash, key, &found);
				if (found && name && *name) {
					sym->name = r_str_newf ("mig.%d.%s", num, name);
				} else {
					sym->name = r_str_newf ("mig.%d", num);
				}

				sym->vaddr = routine_p;
				sym->paddr = sym->vaddr - text_exec_vaddr + text_exec_offset;
				sym->size = 0;
				sym->forwarder = "NONE";
				sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
				sym->type = "OBJECT";
				r_list_append (subsystem, sym);
			}

			cursor += K_MIG_SUBSYSTEM_SIZE + n_routines * K_MIG_ROUTINE_SIZE;
		} else {
			cursor += 8;
		}

		R_FREE (routines);
	}

	sdb_ht_free (mig_hash);
	R_FREE (data_const);
	R_FREE (sections);
	return subsystem;

beach:
	if (subsystem) {
		r_list_free (subsystem);
	}
	if (mig_hash) {
		sdb_ht_free (mig_hash);
	}
	R_FREE (data_const);
	R_FREE (sections);
	return NULL;
}

static ut64 extract_addr_from_code(ut8 *arm64_code, ut64 vaddr) {
	ut64 addr = vaddr & ~0xfff;

	ut64 adrp = r_read_le32 (arm64_code);
	ut64 adrp_offset = ((adrp & 0x60000000) >> 29) | ((adrp & 0xffffe0) >> 3);
	addr += adrp_offset << 12;

	ut64 ldr = r_read_le32 (arm64_code + 4);
	addr += ((ldr & 0x3ffc00) >> 10) << ((ldr & 0xc0000000) >> 30);

	return addr;
}

static void symbols_from_stubs(RList *ret, HtPP *kernel_syms_by_addr, RKernelCacheObj *obj, RBinFile *bf, RKext *kext, int ordinal) {
	RStubsInfo *stubs_info = get_stubs_info(kext->mach0, kext->range.offset, obj);
	if (!stubs_info) {
		return;
	}
	ut64 stubs_cursor = stubs_info->stubs.offset;
	ut64 stubs_end = stubs_cursor + stubs_info->stubs.size;

	for (; stubs_cursor < stubs_end; stubs_cursor += 12) {
		ut8 arm64_code[8];
		if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, stubs_cursor, arm64_code, 8) < 8) {
			break;
		}

		ut64 vaddr = stubs_cursor + obj->pa2va_exec;
		ut64 addr_in_got = extract_addr_from_code (arm64_code, vaddr);

		bool found = false;
		int level = 3;

		ut64 target_addr = UT64_MAX;

		while (!found && level-- > 0) {
			ut64 offset_in_got = addr_in_got - obj->pa2va_exec;
			ut64 addr;
			if (r_buf_read_at (obj->cache_buf, offset_in_got, (ut8*) &addr, 8) < 8) {
				break;
			}

			if (level == 2) {
				target_addr = addr;
			}

			const char *key = sdb_fmt ("%"PFMT64x, addr);
			const char *name = sdb_ht_find (kernel_syms_by_addr, key, &found);

			if (found) {
				RBinSymbol *sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
				if (!sym) {
					break;
				}
				sym->name = r_str_newf ("stub.%s", name);
				sym->vaddr = vaddr;
				sym->paddr = stubs_cursor;
				sym->size = 12;
				sym->forwarder = "NONE";
				sym->bind = "LOCAL";
				sym->type = "FUNC";
				sym->ordinal = ordinal ++;
				r_list_append (ret, sym);
				break;
			}

			addr_in_got = addr;
		}

		if (found || target_addr == UT64_MAX) {
			continue;
		}

		ensure_kexts_initialized (obj);
		RKext *remote_kext = r_kext_index_vget (obj->kexts, target_addr);
		if (!remote_kext) {
			continue;
		}

		RBinSymbol *remote_sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
		if (!remote_sym) {
			break;
		}

		remote_sym->name = r_str_newf ("exp.%s.0x%"PFMT64x, kext_short_name (remote_kext), target_addr);
		remote_sym->vaddr = target_addr;
		remote_sym->paddr = target_addr - obj->pa2va_exec;
		remote_sym->size = 0;
		remote_sym->forwarder = "NONE";
		remote_sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
		remote_sym->type = "FUNC";
		remote_sym->ordinal = ordinal ++;
		r_list_append (ret, remote_sym);

		RBinSymbol *local_sym = R_NEW0 (RBinSymbol);
		if (!local_sym) {
			break;
		}

		local_sym->name = r_str_newf ("stub.%s.0x%"PFMT64x, kext_short_name (remote_kext), target_addr);
		local_sym->vaddr = vaddr;
		local_sym->paddr = stubs_cursor;
		local_sym->size = 12;
		local_sym->forwarder = "NONE";
		local_sym->bind = "GLOBAL";
		local_sym->type = "FUNC";
		local_sym->ordinal = ordinal ++;
		r_list_append (ret, local_sym);
	}

	R_FREE (stubs_info);
}

static RStubsInfo *get_stubs_info(struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0, ut64 paddr, RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (mach0))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	RStubsInfo *stubs_info = R_NEW0 (RStubsInfo);
	if (!stubs_info) {
		return NULL;
	}

	int incomplete = 2;
	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__DATA_CONST.__got")) {
			stubs_info->got.offset = sections[i].offset + paddr;
			stubs_info->got.size = sections[i].size;
			stubs_info->got_addr = K_PPTR (sections[i].addr);
			if (!--incomplete) {
				break;
			}
		}

		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__TEXT_EXEC.__stubs")) {
			stubs_info->stubs.offset = sections[i].offset + paddr;
			stubs_info->stubs.size = sections[i].size;
			if (!--incomplete) {
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	R_FREE (sections);

	if (incomplete) {
		R_FREE (stubs_info);
	}

	return stubs_info;
}

static RBinInfo *info(RBinFile *bf) {
	RBinInfo *ret = NULL;
	bool big_endian = 0;
	if (!(ret = R_NEW0 (RBinInfo))) {
		return NULL;
	}
	ret->file = strdup (bf->file);
	ret->bclass = strdup ("kernelcache");
	ret->rclass = strdup ("ios");
	ret->os = strdup ("iOS");
	ret->arch = strdup ("arm"); // XXX
	ret->machine = strdup (ret->arch);
	ret->subsystem = strdup ("xnu");
	ret->type = strdup ("kernel-cache");
	ret->bits = 64;
	ret->has_va = true;
	ret->big_endian = big_endian;
	ret->dbg_info = 0;
	return ret;
}

static ut64 baddr(RBinFile *bf) {
	if (!bf || !bf->o || !bf->o->bin_obj) {
		return 8LL;
	}

	RKernelCacheObj *obj = (RKernelCacheObj*) bf->o->bin_obj;
	return MACH0_(get_baddr)(obj->mach0);
}

static void destroy(RBinFile *bf) {
	r_kernel_cache_free ((RKernelCacheObj*) bf->o->bin_obj);
}

static void r_kernel_cache_free(RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	if (!obj) {
		return;
	}

	if (obj->mach0) {
		MACH0_(mach0_free) (obj->mach0);
		obj->mach0 = NULL;
		obj->cache_buf = NULL;
	}

	if (obj->cache_buf) {
		r_buf_free (obj->cache_buf);
		obj->cache_buf = NULL;
	}

	if (obj->prelink_info) {
		r_cf_value_dict_free (obj->prelink_info);
		obj->prelink_info = NULL;
	}

	if (obj->kexts) {
		r_kext_index_free (obj->kexts);
		obj->kexts = NULL;
	}

	if (obj->rebase_info) {
		r_rebase_info_free (obj->rebase_info);
		obj->rebase_info = NULL;
	}

	R_FREE (obj);
}

static RRebaseInfo *r_rebase_info_new_from_mach0(RBuffer *cache_buf, struct MACH0_(obj_t) *mach0) {
	RFileRange *rebase_ranges = NULL;
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (mach0))) {
		return NULL;
	}

	ut64 starts_offset = 0, starts_size = 0;

	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		if (strstr (sections[i].name, "__TEXT.__thread_starts")) {
			starts_offset = sections[i].offset;
			starts_size = sections[i].size;
			break;
		}
	}

	R_FREE (sections);

	ut64 kernel_base = 0;

	struct MACH0_(segment_command) *seg;
	int nsegs = R_MIN (mach0->nsegs, 128);
	for (i = 0; i < nsegs; i++) {
		char segname[17];
		seg = &mach0->segs[i];
		r_str_ncpy (segname, seg->segname, 17);
		if (!strncmp (segname, "__TEXT", 6) && segname[6] == '\0') {
			kernel_base = seg->vmaddr;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (starts_offset == 0 || starts_size == 0 || kernel_base == 0) {
		return NULL;
	}

	int n_starts = starts_size / 4;
	if (n_starts <= 1) {
		return NULL;
	}
	rebase_ranges = R_NEWS0 (RFileRange, n_starts - 1);
	if (rebase_ranges == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}

	ut64 multiplier = 4;
	for (i = 0; i != n_starts; i++) {
		ut8 bytes[4];
		if (r_buf_read_at (cache_buf, starts_offset + i * 4, bytes, 4) < 4) {
			goto beach;
		}

		if (i == 0) {
			multiplier += 4 * (r_read_le32 (bytes) & 1);
			continue;
		}

		rebase_ranges[i - 1].offset = r_read_le32 (bytes);
		rebase_ranges[i - 1].size = UT64_MAX;
	}

	RRebaseInfo *rebase_info = R_NEW0 (RRebaseInfo);
	if (rebase_info == NULL) {
		goto beach;
	}
	rebase_info->ranges = rebase_ranges;
	rebase_info->n_ranges = n_starts - 1;
	rebase_info->multiplier = multiplier;
	rebase_info->kernel_base = kernel_base;

	return rebase_info;

beach:

	R_FREE (rebase_ranges);
	return NULL;
}

static void r_rebase_info_free(RRebaseInfo *info) {
	if (!info) {
		return;
	}

	if (info->ranges) {
		R_FREE (info->ranges);
		info->ranges = NULL;
	}

	R_FREE (info);
}

static void r_rebase_info_populate(RRebaseInfo *info, RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	struct section_t *sections = NULL;
	int i = 0;

	if (obj->rebase_info_populated) {
		return;
	}
	obj->rebase_info_populated = true;

	for (; i < info->n_ranges; i++) {
		if (info->ranges[i].size != UT64_MAX) {
			goto cleanup;
		} else if (sections == NULL) {
			if (!(sections = MACH0_(get_sections) (obj->mach0))) {
				return;
			}
		}
		info->ranges[i].offset = r_rebase_offset_to_paddr (obj, sections, info->ranges[i].offset);
		ut64 end = iterate_rebase_list (obj->cache_buf, info->multiplier, info->ranges[i].offset, NULL, NULL);
		if (end != UT64_MAX) {
			info->ranges[i].size = end - info->ranges[i].offset + 8;
		} else {
			info->ranges[i].size = 0;
		}
	}

cleanup:
	R_FREE (sections);
}

static ut64 r_rebase_offset_to_paddr (RKernelCacheObj *obj, struct section_t *sections, ut64 offset) {
	ut64 vaddr = obj->rebase_info->kernel_base + offset;
	int i = 0;
	for (; !sections[i].last; i++) {
		if (sections[i].addr <= vaddr && vaddr < (sections[i].addr + sections[i].vsize)) {
			return sections[i].offset + (vaddr - sections[i].addr);
		}
	}
	return offset;
}

static ut64 iterate_rebase_list(RBuffer *cache_buf, ut64 multiplier, ut64 start_offset, ROnRebaseFunc func, void *user_data) {
	ut8 bytes[8];
	ut64 cursor = start_offset;

	while (true) {
		if (r_buf_read_at (cache_buf, cursor, bytes, 8) < 8) {
			return UT64_MAX;
		}

		ut64 decorated_addr = r_read_le64 (bytes);

		if (func) {
			bool carry_on = func (cursor, decorated_addr, user_data);
			if (!carry_on) {
				break;
			}
		}

		ut64 delta = ((decorated_addr >> 51) & 0x7ff) * multiplier;
		if (delta == 0) {
			break;
		}
		cursor += delta;
	}

	return cursor;
}

static void swizzle_io_read(RKernelCacheObj *obj, RIO *io) {
	r_return_if_fail (io && io->desc && io->desc->plugin);
	RIOPlugin *plugin = io->desc->plugin;
	obj->original_io_read = plugin->read;
	plugin->read = &kernelcache_io_read;
}

static int kernelcache_io_read(RIO *io, RIODesc *fd, ut8 *buf, int count) {
	r_return_val_if_fail (io, -1);
	RCore *core = (RCore*) io->corebind.core;

	if (!core || !core->bin || !core->bin->binfiles) {
		return -1;
	}

	RKernelCacheObj *cache = NULL;
	RListIter *iter;
	RBinFile *bf;
	r_list_foreach (core->bin->binfiles, iter, bf) {
		if (bf->fd == fd->fd ) {
			cache = bf->o->bin_obj;
			if (pending_bin_files) {
				RListIter *to_remove = r_list_contains (pending_bin_files, bf);
				if (to_remove) {
					r_list_delete (pending_bin_files, to_remove);
					if (r_list_empty (pending_bin_files)) {
						r_list_free (pending_bin_files);
						pending_bin_files = NULL;
					}
				}
			}
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!cache) {
		r_list_foreach (pending_bin_files, iter, bf) {
			if (bf->fd == fd->fd && bf->o) {
				cache = bf->o->bin_obj;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	if (!cache || !cache->original_io_read || cache->rebasing_buffer) {
		if (fd->plugin->read == &kernelcache_io_read) {
			return -1;
		}
		return fd->plugin->read (io, fd, buf, count);
	}

	r_rebase_info_populate (cache->rebase_info, cache);

	static ut8 *internal_buffer = NULL;
	static int internal_buf_size = 0;
	if (count > internal_buf_size) {
		if (internal_buffer) {
			R_FREE (internal_buffer);
			internal_buffer = NULL;
		}
		internal_buffer = (ut8 *) malloc (count);
		internal_buf_size = count;
	}

	ut64 io_off = io->off;
	int result = cache->original_io_read (io, fd, internal_buffer, count);

	if (result == count) {
		rebase_buffer (cache, io_off, fd, internal_buffer, count);
		memcpy (buf, internal_buffer, result);
	}

	return result;
}

static void rebase_buffer(RKernelCacheObj *obj, ut64 off, RIODesc *fd, ut8 *buf, int count) {
	if (obj->rebasing_buffer) {
		return;
	}
	obj->rebasing_buffer = true;

	ut64 eob = off + count;
	int i = 0;
	RRebaseCtx ctx;

	ctx.off = off;
	ctx.eob = eob;
	ctx.buf = buf;
	ctx.count = count;
	ctx.obj = obj;

	for (; i < obj->rebase_info->n_ranges; i++) {
		ut64 start = obj->rebase_info->ranges[i].offset;
		ut64 end = start + obj->rebase_info->ranges[i].size;
		if (end >= off && start <= eob) {
			iterate_rebase_list (obj->cache_buf, obj->rebase_info->multiplier, start,
				(ROnRebaseFunc) on_rebase_pointer, &ctx);
		}
	}

	obj->rebasing_buffer = false;
}

static bool on_rebase_pointer (ut64 offset, ut64 decorated_addr, RRebaseCtx *ctx) {
	if (offset < ctx->off) {
		return true;
	}
	if (offset >= ctx->eob) {
		return false;
	}
	ut64 in_buf = offset - ctx->off;
	if (in_buf >= ctx->count || (in_buf + 8) > ctx->count) {
		return false;
	}

	RParsedPointer ptr;
	r_parse_pointer (&ptr, decorated_addr, ctx->obj);

	r_write_le64 (&ctx->buf[in_buf], ptr.address);

	return true;
}

static bool r_parse_pointer(RParsedPointer *ptr, ut64 decorated_addr, RKernelCacheObj *obj) {
	/*
	 * Logic taken from:
	 * https://github.com/Synacktiv/kernelcache-laundering/blob/master/ios12_kernel_cache_helper.py
	 */

	if ((decorated_addr & 0x4000000000000000LL) == 0 && obj->rebase_info) {
		if (decorated_addr & 0x8000000000000000LL) {
			ptr->address = obj->rebase_info->kernel_base + (decorated_addr & 0xFFFFFFFFLL);
		} else {
			ptr->address = ((decorated_addr << 13) & 0xFF00000000000000LL) | (decorated_addr & 0x7ffffffffffLL);
			if (decorated_addr & 0x40000000000LL) {
				ptr->address |= 0xfffc0000000000LL;
			}
		}
	} else {
		ptr->address = decorated_addr;
	}

	return true;
}

RBinPlugin r_bin_plugin_xnu_kernelcache = {
	.name = "kernelcache",
	.desc = "kernelcache bin plugin",
	.license = "LGPL3",
	.destroy = &destroy,
	.load_buffer = &load_buffer,
	.entries = &entries,
	.baddr = &baddr,
	.symbols = &symbols,
	.sections = &sections,
	.check_buffer = &check_buffer,
	.info = &info
};

#ifndef R2_PLUGIN_INCORE
RLibStruct radare_plugin = {
	.type = R_LIB_TYPE_BIN,
	.data = &r_bin_plugin_kernelcache,
	.version = R2_VERSION
};
#endif